<p>Rider–Hopkins Farm and Olmsted Camp is a historic farm and summer camp located at Sardinia in Erie County, New York. It consists of a 188.4 acre property containing a Greek Revival style brick farmhouse dating to the 1840s known as the James and Abigail Hopkins House. The property retains its original boundaries as purchased from the Holland Land Company in 1828. The property is also the site of the Olmsted Camp; a turn of the 20th century family summer camp in the Adirondack "Great Camp" tradition. The camp buildings are in the Arts and Crafts style and grounds are laid out in a naturalistic manner. The camp was designed by Harold LeRoy Olmsted ; a locally prominent architect, landscape architect, and artist, who was also a distant relative of Frederick Law Olmsted.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Old Sardinia Town Hall, also known as the Sardinia Meeting House and First Baptist Church of Sardinia, is a historic town hall located at Sardinia in Erie County, New York. It was built between 1828 and 1830, and is a two-story, transitional Federal / Greek Revival style frame building. It originally housed a Baptist church congregation. The building was renovated in the early-1930s and housed a local community hall until deeded to the town of Sardinia in 1945 for use as a town hall. It is now home to the Sardinia Historical Society and Museum. Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Christ Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church at 120 N. New Hampshire Street in Covington, Louisiana.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1846 by Jonathan Arthur of London for descendants of English settlers in British West Florida (1763&ndash;1783). It was consecrated by Bishop Leonidas Polk on April 11, 1847, Christ Church is the oldest public building being used in Covington.</p><br>
<p>The Wawashkamo Golf Club is a nine-hole links golf course on Mackinac Island in the USA state of Michigan. The course was laid out by Alex Smith in 1898. The golf course retains many of the features of a nineteenth-century golf links, including a relatively treeless layout, comparatively short holes, and very long rough. Smith, a native Scotsman from Carnoustie, was familiar with the links courses of his boyhood home.</p><br>
<p>Wawashkamo was laid out on a farmers field that had been the site of the 1814 Battle of Mackinac Island. Separate historical markers commemorate both the golf links and the battlefield. The name of the club and course comes from the Chippewa word waawaashkaamon for the act of walking a crooked trail&#39;.</p><br>
<p>Longtime club pro Frank Dufina is believed to have had the longest tie between a course and a professional in USA golfing history. It spanned 70 years, from 1898 to 1968.</p><br>
<p>Wawashkamo was honored as one of "America&#39;s Historic Golf Landmarks" by Golf Digest in 1996. The course is contained within Mackinac Island State Park.</p><br>
<p>Club Officers: Peter M. Pellerito, President; Gaspare Calandrino, Vice President; Richard Riel, Treasurer; Kelly Rayment, Secretary</p><br>
<p>The Henry W. Baker House is located at 233 S. Main St. in Plymouth, Michigan. It was built by its original owner as a private home, but now houses commercial space. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1981 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Henry W. Baker</h2><br>
<p>Henry William Baker was born on February 10, 1833, in Richmond, Ontario County, New York. In 1842, his parents Samuel and Maria moved to Michigan, settling on a farm two-and-a-half miles west of Plymouth known as Cooper&#39;s Corners. Henry was the eldest of ten children; brothers Chauncey Elbridge, Oscar Nathaniel and Samuel Valentine, with sisters, Carolina Adelia Bennett, Janette "Nettie" Vrooman, Marietta "Mate" Hough, Frank Libby Adams, Anna Maria and Jennie L. Chadwick. H.W. Baker studied photography, and during the Civil War worked as a photographer in Ypsilanti, Michigan with his cousin, Edwin P. Baker. In 1866 he returned to Plymouth and entered into business. Mr. Baker was the Justice of the Peace for the Village of Plymouth in 1876. In 1882, he partnered with Mike Conner, Oscar A. Fraser, Calvin B. Crosby, Roswell Lincoln Root, S.J. Springer, David D. Allen, the Hon. Orlando R. Pattengell, brother-in-law, Lewis Cass Hough, J.P. Woodard, Theodore C. Sherwood, and inventor Clarence J. Hamilton, to found the Plymouth Iron Windmill Company, of which Baker was president in the years 1887–88. Manufacturing windmills was more or less successful, but in 1888 the company introduced the metal Daisy Air Rifle, which was also a Clarence Hamilton design, and moved prosperously away from the production of windmills. In 1895, the company changed its name to the Daisy Manufacturing Company, and built an immense business in the manufacture of air rifles. Henry W. Baker was president of the firm from 1895 till the time of his death, at which point his nephew, Charles H."Mr. Plymouth" Bennett, took control of the firm. In 1904, Mr. Baker, joined by his sister Caroline Bennett, along with his business partners within the Daisy firm took the initial stock offering of the Ford Motor Company of Canada.</p><br>
<p>Baker was married twice: first to Flora Bromsfield, then to Angeline C. Myers. His house was contemporaneously described as "a beautiful home; a costly brick structure." H.W. Baker died at his home, Monday November 24, 1919.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Henry W. Baker House is a two-story structure constructed from brick. The house is of a fanciful Italianate design, likely based on an illustration in a pattern book. The house was a landmark in Plymouth because of the unusual tower, shaped like a pagoda, atop the mansard roof. The house is asymmetrical in plan, with a cut stone foundation and a kitchen wing in the rear, extended by later additions of a carriage shed and cement block garage. The main section of the house is articulated with bay windows and porches, and gables on the upper story, most noticeable on the front facade. The entrance has arch-top double doors under a small porch; over that is a window with a gabled pediment.</p><br>
<h2>The Henry W. Baker House history</h2><br>
<p>Henry W. Baker built his house in 1875, and lived there until his death in 1919. His sister Anna lived in the home until 1943, at which time the pagoda tower was removed from the house during a renovation. The structure was converted to commercial use in the 1970s and neglected. The building was later restored, including the pagoda, and now houses a law practice. A state of Michigan historic marker is placed in front of the house, which incorrectly states that he died in the year 1920.</p><br>
<p>The building is now owned by Susan Rogal and is home to VITRINE Boutique, a Lifestyle Store, one of the most unique shops in the region.</p><br>
<p>Rikas Landing Roadhouse, also known as Rikas Landing Site or the McCarty Roadhouse, is a roadhouse located at a historically important crossing of the Tanana River, in the Southeast Fairbanks Area, Alaska, United States. It is off mile 274.5 of the Richardson Highway in Big Delta.</p><br>
<p>The roadhouse is named after Rika Wallen, who acquired it from John Hajdukovich and operated it for many years. It became a hub of activity in that region of the interior. With the construction of the ALCAN (now Alaska) Highway and the replacement of the ferry with a bridge downstream, traffic moved away and patronage declined. The roadhouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, and is now a centerpiece of Big Delta State Historical Park, also listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>The Richardson Highway, an important route through the Alaska Interior that contributed significantly to development and settlement of the region, began as a pack trail from the port at Valdez to Eagle, downstream on the Yukon River from Dawson. It was built in 1898 by the USA Army to provide an "all-American" route to the Klondike gold fields during the gold rush.</p><br>
<p>After the rush ended, the Army kept the trail open in order to connect its posts at Fort Liscum in Valdez, and Fort Egbert in Eagle. The Valdez-to-Eagle trail, and its branch to Fairbanks, became one of the most important access routes to the Alaska Interior during the Fairbanks&#39; gold rush of 1902, and the 1903 construction of a WAMCATS telegraph line along the trail. This was accomplished by men of the USA Army Signal Corps, directed in part by then-Lieutenant Billy Mitchell, who later rose to the rank of general.</p><br>
<p>Many roadhouses, some 37 in all</p><br>
<p>and some now listed on the National Register of Historic Places, were built along this trail for the convenience of travelers. These roadhouses offered meals, sleeping quarters, and supplies. They were typically located about 15 to 20 miles apart.</p><br>
<h2>Early activity</h2><br>
<p>The Tanana River was one of the major rivers to be crossed by travelers along the Valdez-Eagle trail. A ferry was established just upriver of the Tanana&#39;s confluence with the Delta River, at a location then called Bates Landing. Bates Landing was about 12 km north of the current settlement of Delta Junction, in the area known now as Big Delta. The government collected a ferry toll on the south side from all those traveling northbound.</p><br>
<p>The WAMCATS telegraph line was relocated to parallel the trail after a fire. McCarty Station was established at the line&#39;s crossing of the Tanana in 1907 to maintain the telegraph. Several log cabins housed the telegraph office, a dispatcher, two repairmen and their supplies.</p><br>
<p>A trading post was constructed on the south bank of the Tanana, at Bates Landing in April 1904 by a prospector named Ben Bennett on his claim of 80 acre, but Bennett sold the post and land to Daniel G. McCarty in April 1905. However, since E.T. Barnette, the founder of Fairbanks, and McCartys former employer, had financed the goods in the post, Barnette retained ownership of them. The post property, now being used as a roadhouse, soon became known as McCartys. Another prospector named Alonzo Maxey, and a friend, built Bradleys Roadhouse to compete with McCartys and by 1907, McCarty&#39;s had been transferred to Maxey.</p><br>
<h2>Hajdukovich era</h2><br>
<p>In 1906, or perhaps sometime after,</p><br>
<p>Jovo John Hajdukovich (Jovo Hajduković, Јово Хајдуковић), an entrepreneur who had come to Alaska from Montenegro in 1903,</p><br>
<p>sensed a business opportunity and purchased the trading post and roadhouse from Maxey. Hajdukovich built a new and bigger roadhouse in 1909 using logs floated downriver. He continued to use the old trading post to store his gear.</p><br>
<p>Hadukovich had other business interests, including prospecting, freighting, acting as a hunting guide by taking hunting parties into the nearby Granite Mountains, and trading with, and advocating for, the Athabaskan natives.</p><br>
<p>(Later he was instrumental in founding the Tetlin Reserve.as mentioned in the review at</p><br>
<p>) After he was appointed as US Game Commissioner for the area,</p><br>
<p>he could no longer personally operate the roadhouse full-time. As with many informally managed roadhouses, Hadukovich asked travelers to "make themselves at home and leave some money on the table" for what they used. Despite this informality, the operations prospered.</p><br>
<p>Starting in 1904, the trail was improved and upgraded.</p><br>
<p>In 1907,</p><br>
<p>By 1910, the Alaska Road Commission completed the upgrade, making the trail usable as a wagon road. Major Wilds P. Richardson led the project and later became the namesake for the highway. He was promoted to general later in his career.) Stages plied the road, using horse-drawn sledges in winter and wagons in summer. By 1913 the roadhouse was a local center of activity for gold prospectors, local hunters, traders, and freighters.</p><br>
<p>Meanwhile, Erika Rika Wallen, born Lovisa Erika Jakobson in 1874 on a farm near Örebro Sweden, immigrated with her sister in 1891 to the United States. They traveled to Minneapolis, Minnesota to join their brother Carl Jakobson. There they changed their last name to Wallen to distinguish themselves from the many other Jacobsons and Jakobsons. After Carl died in an accident, the sisters moved to San Francisco, which they heard was booming. Rika took a job as a cook for the Hills Brothers coffee family, which lasted until the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.</p><br>
<p>In 1916 Rika Wallen traveled to Valdez, reportedly "because she thought Alaska would be like Sweden".</p><br>
<h2>Rika Wallen takes over the Roadhouse</h2><br>
<p>After jobs cooking at the Kennecott copper mine and for a Fairbanks boarding house, Rika Wallen made her way to Big Delta. In 1917, or 1918, she was hired by Hadukovich to manage operations at his roadhouse, then still known as McCarty&#39;s.</p><br>
<p>Although Hadukovich had many business interests, he was not always solvent. For example, in later years he failed to be paid for timber he supplied to the ALCAN Highway project due to not keeping adequate records. In either 1918, or 1923, he transferred ownership of the roadhouse to Wallen for "$10.00 and other considerations," presumably in lieu of back wages. Their friendship and partnership continued for many years; historians and writers have not been able to define their relationship. Following local custom of naming places for people, the roadhouse was soon named Rika&#39;s.</p><br>
<p>At that time, the roadhouse had eleven bedrooms, a living room, and a large kitchen/dining area.</p><br>
<p>By 1925, Wallen had applied for US citizenship, and filed a homestead claim on 160 acre.</p><br>
<p>Rika was a talented farmer, and she successfully grew crops where others failed. She developed a heating and ventilation system for her stable to protect the livestock through the harsh winters.</p><br>
<p>When Wallen bought the roadhouse, it still had packed dirt floors and rough wood walls. To improve the interior, she scavenged wallpaper, sometimes using different patterns on different walls of the same room. She made a hardwood parquet floor from wooden kerosene crates collected from the freighters and boatmen who patronized the roadhouse. Her ability to grow crops and to make a pleasant space transformed the inn and its offerings. For meals, she provided fresh milk and eggs, berries, fish, game, and produce picked from the garden and nearby orchard. Afterward, travelers could go to clean, comfortable beds in the multi-story building. A 1929 travelogue of the Richardson Highway described Rika&#39;s by the following: "a commodious roadhouse boasting of such luxuries as fresh milk and domestic fowls."</p><br>
<p>About 1926, Rika added a wing, which she used for additional living space, a liquor store, fur storage, and the Big Delta (then known as Washburn) Post Office. She was appointed as the US postmaster and served until 1946. Eventually Wallen also homesteaded an adjoining piece of land, bringing her holdings to 320 acre.</p><br>
<h2>End of an era</h2><br>
<p>The construction of the Alaska Railroad was completed in 1922, but by the 1930s, due to effects of the Great Depression, freight traffic declined on the railroad. In 1935, the Alaska Road Commission tried to force shippers to use the railroad, and raised the toll at the Tanana ferry crossing to almost 10 dollars a ton. The truckers rebelled at this, with some violent skirmishes. Pirate ferry operations were started, lasting until the start of World War II.</p><br>
<p>With the coming of the war and construction of the ALCAN Highway, which connected to the Richardson south of Big Delta, road traffic waned further. The ferry crossing was replaced by a wooden bridge, and later, a larger steel bridge was constructed downriver. This caused rerouting of the highway away from the roadhouse, drawing off traffic and travelers. Wallen operated the roadhouse through the 1940s and early 1950s, although in later years guests were by invitation only. John Hajdukovich died in 1965, and Rika Wallen died four years later in 1969.</p><br>
<h2>Big Delta State Historical Park</h2><br>
<p>According to Judy Ferguson in Parallel Destinies, a biography of Hajdukovich and Wallen:</p><br>
<p>Rika&#39;s Roadhouse, the adjacent outbuildings, and property are preserved as the Big Delta State Historical Park. In 1976 the roadhouse was placed on the National Register of Historic Places, and the entire cluster was listed as the Big Delta Historic District in 1991. The structure was restored in 1984 by Stanton and Stanton Construction (owned and operated by brothers, Eldon and Richard Stanton). It was placed on a new foundation using original timbers, and in some areas, the packing crate floor was restored. It is now operated as a "house museum&quot some rooms have been fitted with 1920s-1930s period furniture and accessories donated by local residents. The property also has a food service facility called the "Packhouse Pavilion" operated by a local concessionaire.</p><br>
<h3>Contributing Properties</h3><br>
<p>The historical district contains a total of 18 contributing properties, built between 1906 and 1935:</p><br>
<p>Rika&#39;s Roadhouse, 64.15524&deg; latitude, -145.84058&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-059, built c. 1909.</p><br>
<p>Valdez-Fairbanks Trail, also known as the Richardson Road, 64.15447&deg; latitude, -145.84026&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-133.</p><br>
<p>Prospector&#39;s Trail, 64.15511&deg; latitude, -145.83903&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-134.</p><br>
<p>Rika&#39;s Garden, 64.15507&deg; latitude, -145.84086&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-135.</p><br>
<p>Outhouse, 64.15521&deg; latitude, -145.84114&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-136.</p><br>
<p>Barn, 64.15478&deg; latitude, -145.84094&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-137, built in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>Springhouse, 64.1548&deg; latitude, -145.84046&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-138.</p><br>
<p>Outbuilding, 64.15498&deg; latitude, -145.84074&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-139, built in the 1920s-1930s.</p><br>
<p>Windmill, 64.15509&deg; latitude, -145.84057&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-140, built 1932, replaced by a replica in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Ferryman&#39;s Cabin, 64.15563&deg; latitude, -145.84135&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-141, built c. 1929.</p><br>
<p>Alaska Road Commission Vehicle Scales, 64.15555&deg; latitude, -145.84073&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-142, built 1935.</p><br>
<p>Alaska Road Commission Storage Cabin, 64.15458&deg; latitude, -145.8392&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-143, built 1914.</p><br>
<p>McCarty Station Storehouse, 64.15496&deg; latitude, -145.83842&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-144, built 1906-1907.</p><br>
<p>McCarty Station Cabin Site, 64.15497&deg; latitude, -145.8382&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-145. The cabin was built in 1906-1907 and is no longer standing.</p><br>
<p>McCarty Telegraph Station, 64.15499&deg; latitude, -145.83795&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-146. The cabin was built in 1906-1907, removed in 1967 and reassembled in 1991.</p><br>
<p>McCarty Station Stable Site, 64.15465&deg; latitude, -145.8388&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-147. The stables were built c. 1910 and are no longer standing.</p><br>
<p>McCarty Trading Post Site, 64.15489&deg; latitude, -145.83572&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-148. The trading post was built in 1904 and is no longer standing.</p><br>
<p>Cold Cache, 64.15528&deg; latitude, -145.83301&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-149.</p><br>
<p>The Brown County Courthouse is located at 101 South Main Street in Georgetown, Ohio. The courthouse is the centerpiece of Georgetown and is included in the Georgetown Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Brown County was formed in 1818, and the county seat was placed in Ripley. A courthouse was started in 1821, but the county seat was moved to Bridgewater and then to Georgetown. The courthouse was constructed in 1823 and was a simple square structure made of red brick with a hipped roof. This courthouse was soon decided to be too small for the population, and the county selected a plan from Hubbard Baker in March 1849.</p><br>
<p>The building is a fine representation of Greek Revival architecture and was completed in 1851. Wings extending from the courthouse were added in 1914 for extra room. A fire started by an arsonist swept through the courthouse in 1977 and was determined to be started in the northern stairwell and the judge&#39;s chambers. Nobody has ever been accused or convicted of the crime. The county was placed with the decision to tear down the burnt husk and start anew or to repair the structure.</p><br>
<p>After a vote, the county decided to restore the structure to its pre-fire condition. Local citizens banded together to form the Brown County Courthouse Reconstruction Association to help repair the building. The courthouse was re-dedicated in 1982 to much ceremony.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse is built of bricks painted white and has blue windows and door trim. The windows are shuttered on both levels; a balcony is attached above the door and is accessed by a set of French Doors. The entrance from the square is recessed and framed by two large Doric columns, and Doric pilasters are found along the building&#39;s walls.</p><br>
<p>The roof above the entrance resembles a pediment but is actually a gable. The two wings also contain entrances, but the door is not recessed like the main entrance. Two stacked rectangular drums protrude from the center of the building, with an octagon drum supporting the dome. A four-faced clock protrudes from the sides of the final drum.</p><br>
<h2>Grounds</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse rests in a town square bounded by Grant Street, Apple Street, Cherry Street, and Main Street. The site in front of the courthouse saw Morgan&#39;s Raiders enter town in 1863. The band gathered in front of the courthouse and hitched their horses for their short stay. There was no skirmish, but a soldier on leave was shot, and several horses and valuables went missing.</p><br>
<p>The Dull Knife Battlefield is located on the eastern slope of the Bighorn Mountains in Johnson County, Wyoming near Kaycee. It was the scene of the Dull Knife Fight on November 25, 1876, in which the Fourth Cavalry under General Ranald S. Mackenzie raided the winter encampment of the NorthernCheyenne, destroying most of their material culture and all their winter supplies and thus forcing the Northern Cheyenne to seek shelter with the village of Crazy Horse in order to survive the winter. Five hundred ponies were captured and about 173 lodges destroyed. The Dull Knife battlefield is on private land and is available to visit only by special arrangement. The fight took place on November 25, 1876.</p><br>
<p>The battlefield site was considered by the Cheyenne to be sufficiently remote to be safe as winter quarters. The location is now the site of a ranch. The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The HF Bar Ranch is located in Johnson County, Wyoming about 20 mi northwest of Buffalo, Wyoming in the foothills of the Bighorn Mountains near Saddlestring, Wyoming. The ranch is a working cattle ranch comprising about 36 buildings, built between 1898 and 1921. The ranch is associated with Wyoming state senator and USA Congressman Frank O. Horton, who purchased it in 1911 with financial help from his investment banker brother-in-law and sister-in-law, Warren and Demia Gorrell. The Gorrells and their children spent summers in Wyoming, while the Hortons stayed year-round.</p><br>
<p>The ranch includes a number of guest cabins built by the Hortons, Gorrells and their friends, who used the property as a guest ranch and a working ranch. Cabins are arranged along the banks of Rock Creek with a main house for the Hortons and a club house. Ranch structures are scattered through the site as well, with dormitories for wranglers. Most of the cabins are of log or rustic frame design.</p><br>
<p>The most significant building is the club house (1924), of log construction with a prominent front porch. Its hipped roof is supported by pine trunks and it features stone fireplaces. An office cabin built between 1911 and 1920 is also the Saddlestring post office. Two houses for Frank Horton and his son Jack are of stucco. Three cabins, known as the Salt Creek Cabins, were moved to the ranch from the Salt Creek Oil Field in the 1930s and were used to house wranglers.</p><br>
<p>The HF Bar Ranch was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The C.H. Nash Museum at Chucalissa is located on and exhibits excavated materials of the Mississippian culture archaeological site known as Chucalissa  which means "abandoned house" in Chickasaw. The site is located adjacent to the T. O. Fuller State Park within the city of Memphis, Tennessee, United States. Chucalissa was designated National Historic Landmark in 1994 due to its importance as one of the best-preserved and major prehistoric settlement sites in the region.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Chucalissa is a Walls phase mound and plaza complex that was occupied, abandoned and reoccupied several times throughout its history, spanning from 1000 to 1550 CE. It is located on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River. Other contemporaneous groups in the area include the Parkin phase, Menard phase, and the Nodena phase. It is known for the well preserved architectural, floral, faunal, and human osteological remains excavated there. During the early 1540s the Hernando de Soto Expedition passed through the area, stopping at many villages along the way. It is thought that the Walls phase may be the Province of Quizquiz encountered by de Soto on the banks of the Mississippi River. There is no evidence that Chucalissa itself was visited by the expedition, as it is thought to have been abandoned at the time.</p><br>
<h2>C. H. Nash Museum at Chucalissa</h2><br>
<p>Civilian Conservation Corps workers discovered Native American artifacts on the site in 1938 and archaeological excavations of this Mississippian mound complex were initiated. The C. H. Nash Museum at Chucalissa and the rest of the village grounds have been operated by the University of Memphis since 1962.</p><br>
<p>In 1973 Chucalissa Indian Village was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Later, in 1994, it was declared a National Historic Landmark. The archaeological site and grounds are managed by the C. H. Nash Museum at Chucalissa staff and students. The museum, named after its founding director, curates an extensive collection of artifacts recovered during a 40-year period of systematic excavations. The site features a Mississippian mound complex, nature trail and arboretum, hands-on archaeology lab, and exhibits that explore the history and life-ways of Native Americans of the historic and prehistoric southeastern United States.</p><br>
<p>The Alexandria City Hall also known as the Alexandria Market House & City Hall, in Alexandria, Virginia, is a building built in 1871 and designed by Adolph Cluss. In 1984, the building was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The site was originally a market from 1749 and a courthouse from 1752. A new building was constructed in 1817. Following an extensive fire in 1871, it was rebuilt as a replica of the former building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>18th century</h3><br>
<p>The site of Alexandria City Hall dates back to 1749 when a market was established there.</p><br>
<p>In 1752, lottery proceeds funded the building of a town hall and courthouse on the site, designed by local gentlemen. George Washington served as a justice in this court, which served Alexandria and Fairfax County, to which Alexandria belonged prior to the Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>In 1817, a new three-story brick building was built along Royal Street, including a clock tower designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe. The tall-steepled tower became a prominent landmark. The Alexandria-Washington Masonic Lodge had its headquarters located in the building for some time. The original city hall was something of a complex, containing the Masonic Lodge, court facility, and both the principal police and fire stations of Alexandria. Market stalls were once situated on the first floors of+ the west and north wings and in the courtyard which are absent today.</p><br>
<p>A wide stairway with rails led from the public entrance on Fairfax Street into the courtrooms.</p><br>
<p>In the northeast corner on the second floor were two offices for the Clerk, one for clerical use and the other for records storage. The Court Room in the northern section of the building on the second floor was 58 ft in length, 9 ft wide, and 20 ft high. It had thirteen windows, with six overlooking the market square below and seven located along Cameron Street. The wainscotting was made from yellow pine with walnut rails. Two doors in the western wall led into the judge&#39;s retaining room and to a stairway and private quarters of the judge and officers of the court. The main entrance to the Royal Street western wing was beneath the clock tower.</p><br>
<p>On May 19, 1871, an extensive fire gutted the building and, given the importance of the building, the townspeople raised enough money to pay for an exact replica of the 1817 building. The reconstruction was paid for by the sale of 2,000 shares in the Orange and Alexandria Railroad to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad for $40,000 and $10,000 insurance from the destroyed building.</p><br>
<p>Adolf Cluss, an architect, originally from Germany, who had previously designed the USA Department of Agriculture building in 1869 and Washington, D.C.&#39;s Central Market in 1870 was swiftly hired within a week, according to the Alexandria Gazette, to draw up plans for the building.</p><br>
<p>Cluss was especially noted for his technical skill and attention to building safety and strength. Cluss soon presented a plan for the new City Hall to the council, who authorized it formally on June 28, 1871. His design reflected his strong emphasis on safety and the new building would be constructed from brick with cast iron columns, and rolled iron beams and trusses with roofs made of metal or slate, discarding as many wooden or other combustible construction materials as possible. Delahay, an Alexandria-based builder, presented a bid for $45,000, which was received and accepted on October 5, 1871.</p><br>
<p>The Alexandria-Washington Lodge formally approved Cluss&#39;s design on April 2, 1872, and on April 29, 1872, Delahay and Cluss began the construction of the Masonic portion of the building.</p><br>
<p>The new City Hall would be U-shaped around a central courtyard. Another local architect, Benjamin F. Price, provided a plan for replicating the original Latrobe steeple and its estimated cost of $8,000 was paid for by private donors, notably John B. Daingerfield. Price&#39;s design for the reconstructed Latrobe tower was approved by the City government on June 12, 1872.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>In the early 20th century, several alterations were made to the site. The Alexandria Fire Company, once located in the southwest corner, vacated the building and opened the way for the expansion of the police headquarters and prisoner detention cells on the first floor. The Court Records Room was relocated from the second floor to the northeast corner of the first floor and bathrooms were added.</p><br>
<p>In 1945, the Alexandria-Washington Masonic Lodge moved out of City Hall when the new George Washington Masonic National Memorial was completed on King Street. Interior renovation of the vacated space then commenced and a second Court Room was established on the second floor with additional offices.</p><br>
<p>In 1960 and 1961, an addition was built, filling in the old courtyard; it was not until 1981 that this addition was linked to the main building and elevators, stairs and corridors were added. A plaza, completed in 1967, is located towards the southern half of the City Hall block. It is an open, landscaped plaza with a central fountain, built as part of the Gadsby Commercial Urban Renewal Project. The current City Hall building houses many of the Alexandria government offices, including the City Council Chambers on the second floor.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>In designing the building, Cluss paid particular attention to the strength and durability of the framework. Alexandria City Hall consists of masonry bearing walls with cast-iron columns, supporting the wood ceiling and floor joists.</p><br>
<p>It is constructed in the Second Empire style, incorporating three-dimensional massing, mansard roofs, and superimposed orders. The window types and sizes and decor are largely symmetrical.</p><br>
<p>The majority of the building is laid out in two stories, although there are four three-story corner pavilions and a central four-story pavilion on the north facade. The north facade on Cameron street is approximately 238 ft long, with a breadth of 40 ft. Six bays divide the two-story sections and there were two entry doors to the Masonic Lodge. The top floors of the three-story pavilions have semi-circular windows and have hip roofs, two of which are gabled. The central pavilion is crowned by a grouping of three mansard roofs, whilst the two-story sections of the building have gabled roofs, sheathed in slate with galvanized iron cornices. The central pavilion originally had slate with wood cornices and a tin capping but following restoration work in the 1960s these were resheathed and the wood and tin was replaced with iron and copper respectively.</p><br>
<p>The central clock tower, unlike the rest of the roofing, is still in the original diamond pattern slate, crowned by a gold leaf finial and weather vane. It is a replica of the original 1817 market steeple and is constructed in the Georgian architectural style. The tower has a square rusticated brick base and is structured in three tiers, with the main entry door on the west facade. An inscription on the tower indicates that it was destroyed by a fire on May 19, 1871, and rebuilt in 1872. The tower is supported by two cast-iron columns with Corinthian capitals; above the clock is a smaller octagonal tier with eight narrow windows, enclosed by a wooden balustrade. The tower is crowned by a spire and a gilded weather vane. The west facade of Alexandria City Hall is approximately 148 ft long and consists of two-story section split with two three-story pavilions which are divided into three bays by four three-story brick piers.</p><br>
<p>The east facade of the hall is located on North Fairfax Street and is the same length as the west at 148 ft; it is 40 ft deep. It has a two-story section, divided into nine bays by brick pilasters, and is terminated on both ends by three-story pavilions which are three bays wide and have three-story corner piers. Some of the pilasters originally contained stove flues and were topped by brick chimneys, but these no longer exist. There is a door at the southern end of the facade which was once the main entrance of old police station. The door at the northern end led into the former Court House.</p><br>
<p>In 1967, the Gadsby Commercial Urban Renewal Project brought about the reorientation of the City Hall towards the southern facade with the new entrance facing King Street and Market Square. It is characterized by an open, landscaped plaza with a central fountain.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>Little remains of the original interior from 1871 except some masonry bearing walls and cast iron columns. The hall was extensively renovated several times in the twentieth century. However, traces of old plaster, paint, and wallpaper are visible in some parts of the building. In the second floor chamber of the northeast pavilion, the wooden framework is also visible from the cove ceiling. When the structure was extended in 1961 it was necessary to remove some of the original cast iron columns, leaving only ten columns in the central pavilion. When a new Court House opened on King Street in 1981, the court rooms, judicial chambers, prisoner holding cells, clerk&#39;s office, jury rooms, witness room, and ancillary facilities were moved out of City Hall. Today the building functions exclusively as a City Hall.</p><br>
<p>The Maryhill Stonehenge is a replica of England&#39;s Stonehenge located in Maryhill, Washington, United States. It was commissioned in the early 20th century by the wealthy entrepreneur Sam Hill, and dedicated on July 4, 1918 as a memorial to the people who had died in World War I.</p><br>
<p>The memorial is constructed of concrete, and construction was commenced in 1918 and completed in 1929. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2021.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Maryhill Stonehenge was the first monument in the United States to honor the dead of World War I &ndash; specifically, soldiers from Klickitat County, Washington, who had died in the then-ongoing war. The altar stone is placed to be aligned with sunrise on the summer solstice.</p><br>
<p>Following the then-prevalent interpretation of Stonehenge, Hill thought that the original monument had been used as a sacrificial site. He was a Quaker and commissioned the replica as a reminder that humanity is still capable of being sacrificed to the god of war.</p><br>
<p>The monument is located within the former site of the town of Maryhill; the town later burned down, leaving only the concrete replica standing. The memorial overlooks the Columbia Gorge. A second formal dedication of the monument took place on its completion on May 30, 1929. Sam Hill died in 1931, but lived long enough to see the re-installation of his Stonehenge replica completed.</p><br>
<p>The dedication plaque on this Washington Stonehenge is inscribed:</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>The Maryhill Stonehenge, which has nearby monuments to the soldiers of Klickitat County who died in World War II, Korea, Vietnam and Afghanistan, is now part of the Maryhill Museum of Art.</p><br>
<p>This concrete landmark is located off USA Highway 97, about two miles from the Sam Hill Memorial Bridge. Admission is free to visit the memorial but donations for its continued maintenance are accepted.</p><br>
<p>The Rialto Theater in Casper, Wyoming was built as the New Lyric Theater in 1921. It was constructed with 800 seats by Henry Brennan who had a successful Vaudeville house, on which he based the new cinema. He almost immediately sold the building in 1922 to new owner E.J. Schulte who invested $50,000 in a remodeling project designed by Casper architects William Dubois and Leon Goodrich. The reopening in 1922 featured the William C. deMille movie Nice People, a silent film that was accompanied by the Chicago Netto Ladies Orchestra. In 1928 the Rialto began to show talkies.</p><br>
<p>The Rialto measures 50 ft by 100 ft on a prominent corner site. The brick facade is plain in form but the brickwork is extensively detailed. A tall neon sign marks the corner, replacing the original metal sign and a marquee was added, covering the original leaded glass transoms over the storefronts. A tall parapet adds to the apparent mass of the theater. Storefronts on both frontages house retail shops. On the interior a balcony is reached by two curving stairs on either side of the lobby, replacing a single grand stair from the first design.</p><br>
<p>The Rialto was sold in 2023 and has re-opened as an event venue in the summer of 2024. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Rialto currently hosts ticketed and private events with a focus on Stand-Up Comedy, Music, and family-friendly events. Tickets for the Rialto&#39;s live events are on sale now at www.rialtocasper.com - Current ownership is marketing the venue in a partnership with the Gaslight Social and the forthcoming America which is expected to re-open in 2025. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Forbus is an unincorporated community located on USA Route 127 in Fentress County, Tennessee. Considered a crossroads community, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as an historic district called the Forbus Historic District. In 1991 it consisted of a general store, one house, and some outbuildings.</p><br>
<p>Early names for the community were Blue Rock and Gatewood. In the mid-19th century, the community was briefly home to a school known as the Van Buren Institute. Coal was mined in the area as early as the 19th century. In the early decades of the 20th century, the local economy was based on lumbering, barite mining, and farming. In the 1930s, the community supported a grade school with 84 pupils and 3 teachers, a high school, a weekly newspaper, and two churches.</p><br>
<p>The Forbus General Store was built by W. M. Johnson in 1892, and was operated by Johnson until his death in 1941. At one time, the store included a gas-powered gristmill, a blacksmith shop, and several granaries, but only the store stands today. The store purchased produce and furs from local residents, and at one point had a contract to supply locally grown apples to a Pennsylvania brandy maker. The store in turn sold hardware, clothing, fertilizer and feed, school textbooks, guns, furniture, and caskets. The store&#39;s top floor was once used as a meeting place for an Independent Order of Odd Fellows lodge. The Forbus post office operated out of the store until 1965, and consolidated with the Pall Mall post office in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Masonic Temple in downtown Casper, Wyoming is a Masonic hall, built in 1914 during a boom time initiated by the development of the Salt Creek Oil Field. Located on a corner site, the temple remains essentially as it was designed by Casper architect Homer F. Shaffer. The four story light-colored brick building rests on a raised basement and is topped by a crenelated parapet. The original windows have been replaced with vinyl units but retain the one-over-one appearance of the originals. Windows extend over the west and south sides. The north side is blank, while the east side is the building&#39;s rear facade and has fire escapes and a few windows.</p><br>
<p>The interior is arranged, from the bottom up, as basement, a first floor, containing the ballroom, the second floor containing the lodge and banquet rooms, and a second floor balcony. The basement contains a card room and once had a two-lane bowling alley. A now-unused caretakers apartment is on this level. A boiler room, dining room and kitchen are also found on this level. A half-story up, the main entrance opens into a vestibule with stairs descending to the basement and ascending to the first floor. A ballroom originally occupied most of the first floor, but was converted to a lodge room in 1964. A small orchestra stage was enclosed. Mens and ladies&#39; lounges or card rooms are also on this level. The second floor contains another lodge room, a banquet hall and a kitchen. The rooms on this level have high ceilings. A balcony overlooks the lodge room.</p><br>
<p>The estimated cost of the temple was $40,000. It was built by local contractor G.A. Ukensky. The ballroom and banquet hall were rented for public gatherings. By 1924 the lodge membership was 533. Homer Schaffer, the architect, practiced as an architect for only a few years between 1912 and 1915. He later became involved in furniture sales before moving to Cheyenne and becoming a car salesman after 1926. In 1931 he and his family moved to Alamosa, Colorado where he operated an electrical contracting business, designing buildings from time to time.</p><br>
<p>48 Hudson Avenue  is the oldest building in the city of Albany, New York. It was believed by Paul Huey, in the Albany architectural guide of 1993, to have been built in 1759 by Johannes Radliff when he married Elizabeth Singleton because he believed it was built after the stockade was moved south by one block. Research done by Albany historian John Wolcott proved that it had been occupied by Johannes van Ostrande between 1728 and 1734 and that a mortgage Radliff had on the house referred to it as "formerly van Ostrande." The Lamont–Doherty Earth Sciences laboratory of Columbia University performed dendrochronology on a wood core sample from the building to confirm that the building dated from 1728. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since January 10, 2008; prior to that, it had been a contributing property to the Downtown Albany Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>48 Hudson Avenue was built by Johannes van Ostrande in 1728 just outside the stockade walls and a few hundred yards from the old Fort Orange. Johannes Van Ostrande (or Ostrander) was the son of the immigrant Pieter Ostrander, baptized in Kingston, New York in 1688, married there, and moved to Albany by 1715. In 1722, Van Ostrande was elected a member of the Albany Common Council representing the First Ward. In the 1750s, he sold the building to Johannes Radliff, a shoe-maker. During the 19th century the building was the home, and later factory, of Jared Holt. Holt made waxed thread used for sewing leather goods.</p><br>
<h2>Future</h2><br>
<p>48 Hudson Avenue sits within what was once the core area of the proposed Albany Convention Center. The Albany Convention Center Authority has worked with the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation to preserve the structure, mitigate adverse impacts, and recover archaeological resources. The Authority has also spoken with the owner of 48 Hudson Avenue regarding efforts to preserve the building.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>As originally built it was a -story building, with a steep gable roof of fifty-four degrees. The house measured 23 by 33 feet with one large first-floor room and two lofts. The first floor was brick, while the top portion was pine shakes. The building has many rare features not often preserved in other buildings from its time, including a molded anchor beam, the outline of a jambless fireplace, wide pine exterior siding, wide floorboards, steeply pitched roof beams, and original brick walls.</p><br>
<p>Teapot Rock, also Teapot Dome, is a distinctive sedimentary rock formation and nearby oil field in Natrona County, Wyoming that became the focus of the Teapot Dome bribery scandal during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The eroded sandstone formation stands about 75 ft tall and is about 300 ft in circumference. It is located a few hundred yards east of Wyoming Highway 259, about 19 mi north of Casper, Wyoming in the Powder River Basin near Teapot Creek, a tributary of Salt Creek.</p><br>
<p>The outline of the rock once resembled a teapot and gave its name to several man-made and natural features, including a geologic structural uplift known as the Teapot Dome, and an oil field about 6 mi east. Over time, the features that gave the formation its name have been eroded by windstorms; the "handle" disappeared in 1930 and the "spout" in 1962.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1915, the Teapot Dome Oil Field was designated Naval Petroleum Reserve Number Three as part of a program to ensure that the USA Navy, which was converting to oil-fired boilers, would have sufficient fuel reserves in an emergency. It was one of several fields in the area, the largest of which was the Salt Creek Oil Field. By comparison to the Salt Creek Field peak production of 35,301,608 barrels in 1923, the Teapot Dome field had about 64 wells, with a few producing more than 150 barrels.</p><br>
<p>In February 2015, the field was sold by the Department of Energy to a private firm.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Boyd Homestead is a group of three buildings that make up a pioneer ranch complex. It is located in Deschutes County north of Bend, Oregon, United States. The ranch buildings were constructed by Charles Boyd between 1905 and 1909. Today, the three surviving structures are the only ranch buildings that date back to the earliest period of settlement in the Bend area. The Boyd Homestead is listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Charles Boyd was born in Ontario, Canada in 1863. He immigrated to Michigan with his family in the 1870s. He move to Philipsburg, Montana in 1883, where he married Anna Wyman. Boyd went into the cattle business with his brother, William, and served as mayor of Philipsburg. In 1904, Boyd moved west, settling along the Deschutes River near Bend in Central Oregon. He bought a 6 acre tract of land on the east side of the river, bordering the Swalley Canal. In 1905, his family joined him, and he built a house on his 6 acre property.</p><br>
<p>Over the next few years, Boyd expanded his ranch and built a successful cattle and meat business. Boyd eventually owned 600 acre, much of it purchased under provisions of the Carey Desert Land Act of 1894. His property included pasture lands for his cattle and hay fields for winter feed. He butchered and sold meat locally, becoming the largest meat supplier in the Bend area. He had contracts to provide beef for railroad and canal construction crews and the Brooks-Scanlon Lumber Companys busy logging camps. Boyd also owed a butcher shop in downtown Bend. During the early years of the Great Depression, Boyd lost his big contracts as Bends saw mill cut production. He died in 1933; however, members of the Boyd family continued to live in the main ranch house until 1958.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, the nucleus of the historic Boyd ranch was sold to developers as the city of Bend expanded northward. In 1979, the Boyd family moved the remaining three homestead buildings to a new site approximately one quarter mile from their original location. The grouping is now located on Bend River Mall Drive, approximately one quarter mile west of the Deschutes River. The new site is on a quarter-acre parcel that was part of Boyd&#39;s 600 acre ranch. The new site is also adjacent to the previous location on the Swalley canal where the buildings have been placed among old growth pine trees. This helps to maintain the character of the homestead.</p><br>
<p>The three surviving Boyd ranch buildings possess integrity of design, craftsmanship, and materials that make them a unique grouping. In addition, they are the only surviving ranch building dating back to the earliest period of settlement in the Bend area.</p><br>
<h2>Ranch buildings</h2><br>
<p>Boyd&#39;s original ranch covered 600 acre and included a main house, bunk house, ice house, barn, hay shed, power house, corrals, feedlots, and a slaughterhouse as well as pastures and hay fields. However, only main house, bunk house, and ice house have survived into the 21st century. The main ranch house was built by Charles Boyd in 1905. The bunk house was constructed shortly after the main house and an ice house was added to the ranch complex in 1909. Today, these three building make up the Charles Boyd Homestead historic site just north of the Bend city limits.</p><br>
<p>The Boyd ranch house is a two-story rectangular structure measuring 26 by 32 ft. The main entrance is on the south side. It is a wood-frame structure with a gable roof and brick chimney. The original batten board siding was covered by shingles in 1914. The structure was originally built on a post and sill foundation; however, it was placed on a concrete slab when it was relocated in 1979. The first floor includes a living room and a bedroom from the building&#39;s original construction plus a kitchen, a bathroom, and a side porch which were added in 1914. The interior board walls are covered with painted paper. Fir planks are used for flooring. Windows and doors are simple and have no molding. There are two bedrooms upstairs. Both rooms have tongue and groove wall paneling. In the 1930s, a front porch was added next to the kitchen. In the 1950s, the kitchen was remodeled and the main picture window in the living room enlarged. The original cooking stove, piano, and many other Boyd family furnishing remain in the house.</p><br>
<p>The bunk house is a single story rectangular building with a gable roof. It is located near the southwest corner of the main house with its entrance facing east. The bunk house measures 14 by 18 ft. There are only two windows, one on the west side of the building and the other on the south side. It has shiplap exterior siding and rough pine interior walls. Windows and doors are simple with no molding. Like the main house, it was placed on a concrete slab when it was moved to its current location in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The ice house is located east of the main house. It is rectangular structure measuring 16 ft by 24 ft. It is equal to two stories in height and has no windows. It has a wood-frame structure with shiplap exterior siding and wood shingle roof. The interior walls are rough boards with saw dust insulation. The building was originally used to store blocks of ice needed to keep meat. During the winter, Boyd cut blocks of ice from Swalley Pond and packed them in sawdust. The building&#39;s sawdust insulation preserved the blocks until they were needed in the summer. There are two sets of large double-doors on the south side of the building that were installed in the 1940s when the building was converted into a garage. It was used for that purpose until it 1978. Like the other two building, the ice house was placed on a concrete slab when it was moved to its current location in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Bonnie and Clyde Garage Apartment is located at Oak Ridge Drive in Joplin, Newton County, Missouri. Its front door opens onto 34th Street. It was built about 1927, and is a two-story building on a poured concrete foundation. It has a gently pitched hipped roof and exposed rafter ends in the American Craftsman style.</p><br>
<h2>Barrow Gang</h2><br>
<p>The apartment was the location where the Barrow Gang hid out after a series of robberies in Missouri and neighboring states. The group passed time playing cards, doing puzzles, and drinking newly legalized beer. Clyde Barrow parked his stolen car in the left side of the double garage beneath the two apartments while Blanche and Buck had to rent space at a nearby house for their car as a neighbor had the right-side spot already. Blanche and Bonnie would go to the movies or shop for knick-knacks at Kress&#39; store. Blanche ended up doing much of the cooking and washing for the others.</p><br>
<p>After twelve days, neighbors reported suspicious behavior to the authorities.</p><br>
<p>Undeveloped photographs, left behind by the gang, helped the authorities eventually stop the gang. Stolen merchandise conclusively tied the gang to a robbery in Joplin during their stay there.</p><br>
<p>The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in May 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Merced Theatre is located at 301 W. Main Street, at the corner of Main Street and Martin Luther King Way, in Merced, California. The theatre is significant both for its role as the social and cultural center of Merced from the Depression through the post World War II era and for its mix of Art Deco and Spanish Colonial Revival architecture. The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places  on May 1, 2009 and the listing was announced as the featured listing in the National Park Service&#39;s weekly list of June 5, 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Golden State Theatre Company hired San Francisco architects the Reid Brothers to design the Merced Theatre. Another notable building they designed is the Hotel del Coronado in San Diego, California. They used what was at the time the most modern projection and sound technology, and the theatre was only the second building in Merced to have an air conditioning system. Their use of dramatic atmospheric features included castle facades and ventilators that sent "clouds" floating across the star-bespeckled ceiling.</p><br>
<p>Builder Gian Battista Pasqualetti used steel from the Golden Gate Iron Works, ornamental iron from the San Jose Iron Works, and ornamental tiles from the Hispano Maresque Tile Company in Los Angeles to construct the Reid Brothers design for the multi-level, white stucco coated steel framed reinforced concrete building. A 100 ft high tower rises above the marquee, and the orange neon block letters proclaiming MERCED can be seen for miles.</p><br>
<p>The lobby includes a mural of Spanish exploration done by Dutch-born artist Antoon Bonaventure Heinsbergen. Original furnishings include Spanish style wooden sofas and chairs. The theatre originally seated 1,645 for filmed and live performances. For a time the Merced Theatre was part of the United Artist chain of theatres. In the early 1980s the theatre was divided into 4 sections cutting off the entire balcony section from the main theater and splitting both. Over time the theater has suffered some wear and tear, but received a full restoration near to its original single full stage and screen design and currently has a full season of touring shows and films.</p><br>
<p>Mount Zion is a historic home located at Milldale, Warren County, Virginia. It was built in 1771–1772, and is a two-story, seven-bay, fieldstone mansion. It has a hipped roof and four interior end chimneys. The front facade features windows in a widely spaced Palladian motif on the second story.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970,</p><br>
<p>Mount Zion, State Route 624, Front Royal vicinity (Warren County, Virginia).jpgHistoric American Buildings Survey photo</p><br>
<p>The Mount Zion Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic Methodist church located in Union Township, Delaware County, Indiana, United States. It was built in 1867, and is a modest, one-room, brick church with a reconstructed bell tower. It measures 46 feet by 36 feet and sits on an uncut Indiana limestone foundation.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Zion Church was a historic church building near Big Sandy, Tennessee, USA. It was a hewn log structure built in either 1812 or 1845 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It was removed from the National Register in 2012.</p><br>
<p>This building, which is still standing, might be confused with the extant Mt. Zion Church and Cemetery located approximately 20 miles north in Henry County, Tennessee.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church building was a hewn log structure, approximately 18 ft by 24 ft. or as 1845 as listed in the National Register of Historic Places database. The builders were Joe Arnold, Eligh Hollaman, James Garner and another unknown person.</p><br>
<p>It was destroyed by fire in the early 1990s.</p><br>
<p>The Sidney H. Horner House was built in 1881 by Michael Brennam, an early builder/architect, approximately six blocks to the west of the Mississippi River in Helena, Arkansas. Sidney H. Horner, a member of an early Helena family, was part of a banking firm established by his father, John Sidney Horner. The Italianate style house is made of hand-molded brick. The home has 7 fireplaces and oak parquet floors. The initial footprint of the house was expanded in 1895 with a two-story east wing also made of brick. At the same time, the original small front porch was expanded to run the entire length of the new east addition. Electric lights were also added at about this time.</p><br>
<p>__TOC__</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>The house was constructed on a site that had been part of Fort Curtis, a Union Army post which saw considerable action during the Battle of Helena The battle was a belated effort by the Confederate Army to seize Union-occupied Helena. It was an attempt to relieve the city of Vicksburg, Mississippi from the long siege on the city by Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant.</p><br>
<h3>Early 20th century</h3><br>
<p>Sidney H. Horner died in 1900 leaving a widow and 7 children. The house was sold to settle his estate and it passed through several owners who made various changes to the house. A back porch was added in 1900. Indoor plumbing was added during the 1920s. At some point before the 1930s, the roof of the front porch that started with the east-wing addition of 1895, was completely removed. This left the porch roof as it had existed when the house was first built. The base of the front porch, starting with the east-wing addition, was retained and used as a patio.</p><br>
<h3>Mid-20th-century</h3><br>
<p>Ivey Gladin was a well-known photographer in the Mississippi Delta, starting his own photography studio in 1939. He served in the US Navy during World War II. His wife, Morvene, operated the studio while he was performing military service. After his return from the war, they purchased the house with another couple with a loan that was referred to as a "GI Bill partnership home loan." Local historians suggest that this was the first loan of this type made in the United States after the war. The home was changed to a duplex in order to qualify for the loan. This particular program was set up after World War II to encourage returning veterans to find and purchase multi-family housing in an effort to reduce the shortage of housing in the initial post war years. After a few years, the Gladin family bought out the interest of the James family. The home was then converted into their photography studio as well as making it the residence for their family. The Gladin Photography Studio remained open in the house for almost 50 years. A collection of approximately 100,000 of Mr. Glavins photos is now part of a collection held by the University of Mississippi at Oxford, Mississippi. Ivey Gladin is well known among blues enthusiasts for his photographs of Sonny Boy Williamson performing on the King Biscuit Time radio program. Ivey (d. 2001) and Morvene (d. 2008) Gladin lived in the house until 1999. The house sat vacant for two years and deferred maintenance caused damage to the home.</p><br>
<h3>Today</h3><br>
<p>In 2001, the house was sold by the heirs of the Gladin family to a pair of preservation-minded individuals who started a piece-meal restoration effort. The front porch was rebuilt to its original 1890s configuration. A window restoration project began utilizing the skills of Ronnie Walker, a graduate of the local Phillips Community College&#39;s Building Preservation Trades Program who went on to oversee the restoration of Lakeport Plantation near Lake Village, Arkansas. Work on the house was delayed when one of the new owners was mobilized with the 39th Infantry Brigade of the Arkansas Army National Guard for service in Iraq and later during Katrina relief efforts in New Orleans. A new window restoration project was started in the winter of 2008 and is ongoing.</p><br>
<p>The structure is known today as the Horner-Gladin House and is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>The Epworth United Methodist Church is a United Methodist church in the Edgewater neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. It was built in the Romanesque style and is noted for its exterior walls of brown, rusticated boulders. The church was completed in 1891, becoming the second church in Edgewater after the completion of the Episcopal Church of the Atonement in 1889. The structure was enlarged in 1930. The final service at the church was on May 15, 2022.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008 and was designated as a Chicago Landmark on June 21, 2023.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John Lewis Cochran, the founder of Edgewater, donated land for the church in 1886. The church was the only structure at the location; it is now in a dense residential neighborhood with its façade facing Kenmore Avenue. The church was formally organized as the Epworth Methodist Episcopal Church in July 1889, and a cornerstone for the church was dedicated in 1890. The church was designed by Frederick B. Townsend, a parishioner, and completed in the early 1890s. Parts of the church were constructed using boulders from Wisconsin, which were floated south down Lake Michigan.</p><br>
<h3>Names</h3><br>
<p>Epworth Methodist Episcopal Church (1889-1948)</p><br>
<p>Epworth Methodist Church (1948-1968)</p><br>
<p>Epworth United Methodist Church (1968–present)</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The original church structure consisted of a three towers, a sanctuary, and school rooms. The church was enlarged in 1930 to include a basement, gymnasium, chapel, and miscellaneous rooms.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage designation</h2><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places under the name "Epworth Methodist Episcopal Church" in 2008. The listing included one contributing building and one contributing object.</p><br>
<p>The Woodlawn Quaker Meetinghouse is located at 8890 Woodlawn Road in Alexandria, Virginia, United States. The meetinghouse and its associated cemetery are significant for their role in the Quaker community in this area of Virginia in the mid to late 19th century. The meetinghouse itself is also significant for its Quaker Plain Style architecture. The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 21, 2009, and the listing was announced as the featured listing in the National Park Service&#39;s weekly list of May 29, 2009.</p><br>
<p>The original meetinghouse, now the southern half, was built in 1853. The northern half was added between 1866 and 1869. Both halves are wood frame, one story, gable roofed structures. The style reflects the Quaker belief in simplicity and lack of adornment. The rectangular building faces east, with two entrances on the long side of the rectangle. One entrance was for women, and one for men. On the interior, there is a center wall with window-like opening. The openings can be shuttered to accommodate separate meetings for men and women. The seating is historic, simple, wooden benches. The porch that currently wraps around the building was added at a later time. Union soldiers occupied the building during the American Civil War, and carved their names and initials to the right of what was then the only entryway.</p><br>
<p>Bank of Gowanda is a historic bank building located at Gowanda in Cattaraugus County, New York. It was built in 1914, to the designs of Edvard Moeller. It is a two-story, five-sided Neoclassical style building constructed of load bearing concrete masonry and clad in red brick. The interior features a mural by noted artist Louis Grell. Since 1966, the structure has served as town hall for the town of Persia, New York.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>East Otto Union School is a historic school building located at East Otto in Cattaraugus County, New York. It was built in 1920, and functioned as a local high school from 1921 to the 1950s, after which the school was merged into the Cattaraugus Central School  12 miles to the southwest. It is a Colonial Revival style frame building that features a distinctive cupola. Since 1972, the structure has served as town hall for the town of East Otto, New York.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>18th and Vine is a neighborhood of Kansas City, Missouri. It is internationally recognized as a historical point of origin of jazz music and a historic hub of African-American businesses. Along with Basin Street in New Orleans, Beale Street in Memphis, 52nd Street in New York City, and Central Avenue in Los Angeles, the 18th and Vine area fostered a new style of jazz. Kansas City jazz is a riff-based and blues-influenced sound developed during jam sessions in the neighborhoods crowded clubs. Many jazz musicians of the 1930s and 1940s lived or got started here, including Charlie Parker. Due to this legacy, USA Representative Emanuel Cleaver said 18th and Vine is Americas third most recognized street after Broadway and Hollywood Boulevard.</p><br>
<p>In 1991, the national historic district encompassing 35 contributing buildings was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>18th and Vine is east of Downtown Kansas City and is the metropolitan area&#39;s historic center of African American culture. In 1991, the national historic district encompassing 35 contributing buildings was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s, parts of the film Kansas City were filmed there, and façades left from the movie remained on most of the dilapidated buildings until the end of the decade.</p><br>
<p>The 18th and Vine neighborhood includes the Mutual Musicians Foundation, the Gem Theater, the long-time offices of African-American newspaper The Call, the Blue Room jazz club, the American Jazz Museum, the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum, Smaxx Restaurant, a restaurant inside the Juke House and Blues Club, and several apartments and condos. The Historic Lincoln Building serves as a hub of professional and business activity in the Black community, restored in the early 1980s by the Black Economic Union of Kansas City.</p><br>
<p>Six blocks to the north, the former intersection of 12th Street and Vine is the subject of Leiber & Stoller&#39;s song "Kansas City" in 1952, adapted by Little Willie Littlefield as "Kansas City Lovin"</p><br>
<p>and adapted by Little Richard, Wilbert Harrison, and the Beatles. Vine Street no longer intersects with 12th Street, where a housing project was built over it. The city has since erected a street sign in a park near the housing project to mark the former 12th and Vine.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood has long suffered epidemic blight, with huge portions being juggled for decades between unproductive owners and their countless colossal visions and broken promises of rehabilitation. It has been the focus of more than $30 million of civic investment since the late 1980s, but redevelopment has struggled. In 2001, the Kansas City area manager of Bank of America proposed a $46 million redevelopment of 96 acres of blight across the District but canceled in 2005 ahead of the global crash of 2008, selling much of it to KC native millionaire Ephren W. Taylor II who likened his invisible investments to the comic book antihero The Phantom. Actually a con artist, Taylor promised in 2006 to develop his large Jazz District property into 42 homes plus a community center or museum within the nearby historic city workhouse castle, but was instead convicted of a Ponzi scheme defrauding Black churchgoers of millions of dollars and then federally imprisoned. From 2016 to 2020, pending a federal investigation into corruption.</p><br>
<p>Bryant Hill Cemetery is a historic cemetery located at Ellicottville in Cattaraugus County, New York. In 1821, Samuel Bryant set aside land to serve as the first cemetery at Ellicottville; the first burial was in 1824 and the last in 1901. Restoration of the cemetery began in 1970, and it became the property of the town of Ellicottville in 1976. It is the final resting site for many of the area&#39;s early New England settlers.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Old Olean Library is a historic beaux arts library located at 116 S. Union St. in Olean, Cattaraugus County, New York. The library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It is located in the Union and State Streets Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Olean Library Association</h3><br>
<p>On March 25, 1871, the "Olean Library Association" was established by a small group of public-spirited citizens. The first meeting was held in Miss Lyons school house on Laurens Street. In May 1871, the library settled in the rear of John G. Peltons tailor shop (located on the west side of North Union Street, midway between Laurens and State streets). It was open only 1 day per week, Saturday from 1-9 PM. Annual dues were $2.00 for gentlemen and $1.00 for ladies. 697 books formed the collection.</p><br>
<p>On September 30, 1878, the library moved to a new home under the supervision of Charles Gillingham. It was located in a room rented from P.J. Hastings in what was known as the Berg (or Birge, after Norman Birge, a harness maker who owned the block). Later, it moved to quarters on the second floor of the Exchange Bank building, and then to 102 Hamilton Street where it remained until 1889.</p><br>
<h3>Forman Library</h3><br>
<p>On June 12, 1888, the library was renamed in honor of George V. Forman, who donated the property and building. Forman was a founder of "Vandergrift, Forman & Company," which became part of the Standard Oil Company. The library moved into its new home on Forman property on April 2, 1889.</p><br>
<h3>"Old" Olean Public Library</h3><br>
<p>On December 13, 1906, the charter which was granted by the Board of Regents of New York State named the institution "The Olean Public Library" and it became a free library. In April 1909, the library relocated to the second floor of City Hall while the "Carnegie Library" was being built on the Forman property. The cornerstone for Carnegie building was laid on July 3, 1909.</p><br>
<h4>Features</h4><br>
<p>The library is a historic, built in 1909, with funds provided by the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie was one of 3,000 such libraries constructed between 1885 and 1919, and one of 107 in New York State. Carnegie provided $40,000 toward the construction of the Olean library. The building was designed by architect Edward L. Tilton in the Beaux-Arts style. The interior features a grand stairway and entrance, large rooms, and central atrium. The Carnegie building was opened May 23, 1910 and a period of growth in the size and scope of the collection and patronage began almost immediately. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h3>"New" Olean Public Library</h3><br>
<p>In the early 1970s, a new site was secured for the library and on September 21, 1973, the library opened at 134 North Second Street in a former Loblaws Supermarket. The modern facility continues to meet the changing informational needs of the community. The mission of the Olean Public Library is to improve the community&#39;s quality of life by providing equal access to materials in various formats, programming and services for patrons of all ages, and a capable and professional staff available to assist members of the greater Olean community in support of their educational, informational, and leisure needs.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>The original NRHP listed "Olean Public Library" was occupied by the "Olean Historical Society" and the "Department of Aging" from 1974 to 1979. In 1982, the Olean Board of Education sold the property to Louis Marra, which made possible the opening of The Old Library Restaurant and "The Old Bed and Breakfast Library Inn."</p><br>
<p>Olean Armory is a historic armory building located at Olean in Cattaraugus County, New York. It was designed by State architects Isaac G. Perry  and Lewis Pilcher . It consists of a two-story, Tudor inspired administration building constructed in 1919, with an attached Romanesque drill shed constructed in 1890. The building features a number of castellated style features such as turrets and buttresses.</p><br>
<p>From 1946 to 1966, the Armory served as the home arena for the St. Bonaventure University basketball squad. The squad won 99 consecutive home games at the armory before their streak was broken in 1961. In its basketball configuration, the Armory held 2,200 spectators and was noted for its extreme intimate atmosphere (the front row was inches away from the court), poor lighting and ugly aesthetics, with Sports Illustrated describing the armory as an "architectural monstrosity."</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Grace Episcopal Church is an historic Episcopal church located at St. Francisville, West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana. The congregation was organized in 1827. The present church was completed in 1860, but it was heavily damaged by Union gunboats in 1863, during the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The current appearance of the church dates to its repair and rebuilding in 1893. The organ dates to 1860. The church is one of the state&#39;s oldest Protestant churches.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Martha Hilliard Barrow Turnbull - owner of Rosedown Plantation</p><br>
<p>Robert Hilliard Barrow - four-star General in the USA Marine Corps.</p><br>
<p>John Bennett Dawson - 19th-century Louisiana Congressman.</p><br>
<p>John Elliott Hart - Union Navy officer that died nearby on the Mississippi River; whose 1863 funeral has been commemorated, since 1999, with a festival, "The Day the War Stopped".</p><br>
<p>Junius Wallace Jones - Major General, United States Air Force.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Lawrason - state senator, author of the Lawrason Act of 1898.</p><br>
<p>William Walter Leake - Confederate cavalry officer, who facilitated the Masonic burial of John E. Hart, above; later a state senator, circuit court judge, and newspaper publisher.</p><br>
<p>George Mathews Jr. - presiding Judge of the Louisiana Supreme Court, 1813–1836.</p><br>
<p>Joseph P. Newsham - 19th-century Congressman; he had served in the Union Army during the Civil War and moved to Louisiana after receiving disabling injuries.</p><br>
<p>The United States Post Office is a historic post office building located at Little Valley in Cattaraugus County, New York. It was designed and built in 1941-1942 as a Works Progress Administration project, and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, Louis A. Simon. It is a one-story symmetrically massed brick structure with a stone watertable in the Colonial Revival style. Its design is the same as that used in 13 other post offices across New York State.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Little Valley has had a post office in some form since October 15, 1822. It serves one ZIP Code, 14755, which covers the village and large portions of the towns of Napoli, Mansfield and west Salamanca (including Bucktooth and Sawmill Runs).</p><br>
<p>US Post Office—Olean is a historic post office building located at Olean in Cattaraugus County, New York. It was designed and built in 1910-12 and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, James Knox Taylor. It is a two-story masonry and steel frame building. Its Renaissance Revival design complements the adjacent Olean Public Library.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. It is located in the Union and State Streets Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Queen City Pool and Pool House, also known as the Queen City Pool, is a historic bathhouse and swimming pool located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States. The bathhouse and pool were added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 9, 1992, due to their architectural and historical significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright&#39;s apprentice Don Buel Schuyler, the Queen City Pool operated from 1943 through 1989. It was constructed as a Civil Works Administration/Works Project Administration relief project of the Great Depression. The site features a poured concrete bathhouse, a wading pool and an art deco fountain.</p><br>
<p>The city of Tuscaloosa constructed two public pools in an era of strict segregation, Gulf States Pool and Queen City, with Queen City being the "whites-only" pool. The pool closed in 1966 when desegregation was mandated. The former swimming pool was filled in with dirt in June 2005.</p><br>
<p>From 2012 to early 2015, the site of the former pool was used as a temporary public ice rink every holiday season during Tuscaloosa&#39;s annual "Holidays on the River" event before it was moved to the Tuscaloosa Amphitheater in late 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Mildred Westervelt Warner Transportation Museum</h2><br>
<p>In May 2005, it was announced that the bathhouse would be converted into a transportation museum. This became possible after the Alabama Department of Transportation awarded the city a grant to convert the facility into a museum illustrating the history of transportation in Tuscaloosa. The financing for the project came from a $1.94 million federal award that required a 20 percent match by the city, or $260,000. The renovation was designed by the Eclectic Group, Inc. of Huntsville and Ward Scott Veron Architects of Tuscaloosa.</p><br>
<p>On December 13, 2011, the renovated bath house was officially opened as the Mildred Westervelt Warner Transportation Museum. The Museum closed on July 1, 2024. Renovations to the building began in August 2024, and will be the home of Kentuck Art Center.</p><br>
<p>The museums exhibits trace the citys history through the development of its transportation structures.</p><br>
<p>St. Stephens Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church located at Olean in Cattaraugus County, New York. It is a Gothic Revival style church building designed by upstate New York architect Robert W. Gibson  and constructed 1889–1890. The complex also includes the Ashton Parish House, constructed 1922–1923, and the rectory, known as the Watson Wing, built about 1885. It is home to Oleans oldest continuously operating congregation, established in 1830.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>First Congregational Church of Otto, now known as the Medora Ball Historical Museum, is a historic Congregational church building located at Otto in Cattaraugus County, New York. It was built in 1861 and is in a vernacular Italianate style. The building served as a hub of religious and social life in this rural community. An original steeple was removed in 1917 after being severely damaged by a tornado. The church underwent a major remodeling in 1925. The last regular church service was held in 1946. In 1969, the building was deeded to the Cattaraugus Area Historical Society. It was renamed in 1994 the Medora Ball Historical Museum, after the Otto town historian.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Salem Welsh Church, or Salem Presbyterian Church, is a Greek Revival-style Presbyterian church at Freedom in Cattaraugus County, New York, constructed from 1854 to 1855.</p><br>
<p>It was built as the Calvinistic Methodist Church by the Welsh settlers who migrated to this area from Herkimer and Oneida Counties in the 1840s and 1850s. Regular services ended before World War I and the property has been maintained since 1926 by the Salem Cemetery Society, Inc.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Portville Free Library, formerly the Smith Parish House, is a historic library building located at Portville in Cattaraugus County, New York. The original house was built for early Portville settler Smith Parish in 1847 as a two-story, three bay dwelling in the Greek Revival style. It was subsequently expanded in the 1860s with a one-story, one bay wing. The building became the Portville Free Library in 1909 and expanded in 1915, in 1930, and finally in 1960.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Beardsley-Oliver House is a historic house located at 312 Laurel Avenue in Olean, Cattaraugus County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a -story, wood-framed dwelling built in about 1890. It exhibits a late Victorian blending of Shingle Style and Queen Anne styles.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 2008.</p><br>
<p>Conklin Mountain House is a historic home located at Olean in Cattaraugus County, New York. The above ground portion of the main house is a 4,500 sq. ft Second Empire style wood frame dwelling built in 1886. The front facade features a three-story tower with mansard roof and a wraparound porch. The exterior of the home features extensive overhanging eaves, decorative brackets and balustrades. The house sits on top of a 2,000 sq. ft full-height stone basement. The property also includes a 1,600 sq. ft two-story carriage house.</p><br>
<p>The interior features elaborate and extensive woodwork, quarter-sawn oak floors throughout the house, one of the longest cantilevered staircases on the East Coast of the United States, a large and ornate antique Eastlake-style chandelier in the dining room, and the only known existing installation of M.H. Birge & Sons block-printed peacock wallpaper ca. 1915. The home was constructed by the owners of Conklin Wagon Works, one of Olean&#39;s most important industries in the late 19th century. It was subsequently owned by the Mountain family, who operated the Mountain Clinic Infirmary, and is currently an owner-occupied single family residence not open to the public. On the morning of October 8, 2023 the house caught fire, resulting in the residents being displaced and a total loss of the historic interiors. See also:</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The home caught fire the morning of October 8, 2023.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The home was built in 1886 by William H. Conklin. Mr. Conklin was born on December 21, 1811, in Greenfield, Saratoga County, New York. In 1860 he moved his wagon-making business to Olean; the famous Conklin Wagon Works. It became one of Olean&#39;s most important industries at that time, eventually growing to employ 50 skilled laborers with an output of 2000 wagons per year. The wagon works was located closer to the Allegheny River than the house itself, which sits some 600 feet away. This was for purposes of using the river systems for transportation of materials and completed wagons.</p><br>
<h2>First Floor</h2><br>
<p>The first floor of the home, used mainly for entertaining guests, features 12 foot ceilings throughout and contains the vestibule, foyer, first parlor or "music room", library, second parlor or "drawing room", a formal dining room and kitchen.</p><br>
<h3>Vestibule and Foyer</h3><br>
<p>The vestibule is a small space approximately 16 feet square. It&#39;s the first space encountered upon entering the home and is separated from the foyer by a double-door. The foyer contains access to the main staircase with a large carved newel post made from cherry and Birds-Eye Maple. The staircase and landings are cantilevered above the first floor and feature a continuous varnished maple railing supported by 102 turned spindles.</p><br>
<h3>Music Room</h3><br>
<p>The first parlor, also known as the "blue room" or "Music room" features blue wallpaper inside of decorative wall moldings and is the scene of most seasonal celebrations. During the Christmas season the largest tree is placed in the bay window of this room. It houses the grand piano and Victrola, among other instruments.</p><br>
<h3>Library</h3><br>
<p>The library/lounge room contains a 10-foot L-shaped bar, brick fireplace and built-in bookshelves.</p><br>
<h3>Drawing Room</h3><br>
<p>The second parlor, also known as the "drawing room" or "ladies salon" features white wallpaper depicting gnarled trees and fanciful scenes. It contains a large white tile fireplace and mantle straddled by ornately carved wooden griffons.</p><br>
<p>Below is a cache of images from the home listing when the home was last for sale in 2016. These images are how the house appeared at that time, and do not reflect more recent changes to the structure such as the remodeled kitchen surfaces and appliances and the painting of the main and rear staircases. These pictures also do not show the furniture and possessions of the new owners. These are included only for historical reference pertaining to the structure itself, for the purpose of eventually restoring the structure after the October 8, 2023 fire.</p><br>
<p>The Alleghany Mennonite Meetinghouse is located at 39 Horning Road in, Brecknock Township, Pennsylvania. The meetinghouse and its associated cemetery are significant for their role in the Mennonite community in this area of Pennsylvania in the mid to late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The meetinghouse is significant for its Pennsylvania German-style architecture.</p><br>
<p>The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on June 6, 2009, and the listing was announced as the featured listing in the National Park Service&#39;s weekly list of June 12, 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Church of the Good Shepherd is a historic Episcopal church located on the Onondaga Indian Reservation near Syracuse, Onondaga County, New York. It is an older building that was remodeled in 1869-1870 for Episcopal worship. It is a one-story, rectangular frame church with Gothic Revival style design elements. The three bay by three bay building has a projecting entrance topped by a one-stage bell tower. The building features pointed arched openings.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Simeon B. Robbins House, or The Miner&#39;s Cabin, is a historic home located at Franklinville in Cattaraugus County, New York. It is a three-story, Queen Anne style wood frame dwelling built in 1895. The building features three towers. It is currently used as a museum and meeting space by the Ischua Valley Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Nathan Lester House is a historic house museum at 153 Vinegar Hill Road in the Gales Ferry section of Ledyard, Connecticut. Built in 1793, it is a well-preserved example of an unpretentious late 18th-century farmhouse, and one of the few houses of that age left in the town. It is located on over 156 acre of land, now owned by the town, which serves as a park and conservation land with trails.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Nathan Lester House is located in a rural setting east of the village of Gales Ferry, on the east side of Vinegar Hill Road at its junction with Long Cove Road. The 156-acre property is mostly wooded, with a long drive providing access to the farmstead. The main house is a -story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a side-gable roof, clapboard siding, and a large central chimney. The interior follows a typical central chimney plan, with a narrow entry vestibule that has a winding staircase, and parlors to either side of the chimney. The kitchen extends across much of the rear, with a large fireplace and bake oven. Small chambers at the rear corners may have served as pantry space or bedrooms originally; one now connects to ells extending to the rear of the main block.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1793 by Nathan Lester, on land that had been purchased by his grandfather Peter. The property historically included a large oak tree of great antiquity, whose trunk had a diameter in excess of 5 ft; it died in 1970. The property remained in the Lester family until 1908; the area surrounding the farmhouse was given to the town by the Graves family owner in 1970.</p><br>
<p>The House, outbuildings and barn museum are owned by the Ledyard Historic District Commission. The Ledyard Historical Society owns the Farm tools in the barns and Furniture in the house. The park and field is open to the public sun rise to sun set. The house and barn is open Memorial day through Halloween Saturday and Sunday 1pm to 4:30pm.</p><br>
<p>The Perkins-Bill House is a historic house at 1040 Long Cove Road in the Gales Ferry section of Ledyard, Connecticut. Built circa 1775 by Solomon Perkins, Sr., it is locally significant as a well-preserved gambrel-roofed Cape of the period, and for the role played by Perkins, his son Solomon, Jr., and Benjamin Bill, Jr., the house&#39;s next owner, in the American Revolutionary War. All three were defenders of the fort in Groton that was attacked by British forces under the overall command of Benedict Arnold in the 1781 Battle of Groton Heights. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Perkins-Bill House is located on the north side of a rural stretch of Long Cove Road, west of Connecticut Route 12. It is a -story gambrel-roofed Cape, five bays wide, with a central chimney and three gable-roofed dormers. A recessed ell extends from the northeast end of the main block. The house is oriented with its facade facing roughly southeast, perpendicular to the street, with the foundation of a barn between it and the street. The interior follows a typical central chimney plan, with a narrow entrance vestibule, parlors to either side of the chimney, and the kitchen behind. Interior finishes date from the house&#39;s construction to the early 19th century, including modest Federal and Greek Revival elements.</p><br>
<p>The house was built sometime between 1773 and 1777 by John Jones. The house was built using sawn lumber, and the nearby sawmill was only established in 1773, and the house was sold by Jones to Solomon Perkins Sr. and his son in 1777. The Perkinses operated the mill, but wounds the elder Perkins suffered in the Battle of Groton Heights may have limited his ability to operate it, and it was foreclosed in 1783. It was purchased after the foreclosure by Benjamin Bill, who was, like the Perkinses, part of the militia in the Revolutionary War battle. Subsequent owners, the Stoddards, held the property for many years.</p><br>
<p>The Capt. Mark Stoddard Farmstead is a historic house at 24 Vinegar Hill Road in the Gales Ferry section of Ledyard, Connecticut. Built about 1770, it is a well-preserved example of a rural Cape style farmhouse, whose preservation includes its remote rural setting. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Set down a 0.5 mi drive on the west side of Vinegar Hill Road, the Stoddard farmstead consists of 130 acre of rural land, with a complex of four buildings: a Cape-style farmhouse, two barns, and an old privy. The farmhouse, oriented to face south, is a -story wood frame Cape, five bays wide, with a central chimney. A single-story ell, built at the same time, extends to the rear (north) of its main block. The nearby barn is also believed to be of 18th century construction, and is thus a rare survivor of the period. The interior of the house follows a typical central chimney plan, with the parlor and hall on either side of the chimney, and the kitchen behind it. Many of the wall finishes (plaster and woodwork) are original to its construction.</p><br>
<p>The house was built c. 1770, on land that probably belonged at one point to the Allyn family. Mark Stoddard, descended from one of Ledyard&#39;s early settlers, married into the Allyn family, another prominent local family, in 1768. Stoddard served in the American Revolutionary War, and one of his grandsons served in the American Civil War, as master of the USS Kearsarge during its defeat of the CSS Alabama. The property remained within the Stoddard family until 1919.</p><br>
<p>The Lighthouse Inn, originally known as Meadow Court, is a Colonial Revival hotel building at 6 Guthrie Place in New London, Connecticut. The Mission style main house was designed by William Ralph Emerson and built in 1902 as a country home for steel industry magnate Charles S. Guthrie. It is one of the few examples of this architectural style in the city, and became a popular dining and event venue after opening as an inn in 1927. The building and surviving estate remnants were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. It was listed for sale by the city in February 2014, with historic preservation restrictions.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Lighthouse Inn is located in southern New London on a rock promontory overlooking Long Island Sound. Guthrie Place, the former drive of the estate, leads north from the coast to the main house, which stands on 2.8 acre of land that still has traces of landscape design by the Olmsted Brothers. The main house is a two-story structure with Mission styling, finished in stucco with a broad hipped roof supported by large decorative brackets. A projecting two-story central section is flanked by enclosed single-story porches. The interior of the house retains many period finishes, despite its alteration for use as an inn and a fire in 1979. Outbuildings on the property include heavily modified carriage house, guest house, and gazebo.</p><br>
<p>The property was developed as a summer estate in the early 20th century by the Guthries, their decision to locate here spurred in part by the Pequot Colony resort area located nearby. Charles Guthrie died unexpectedly in 1906, and his widow Frances began summering on Long Island. The inn was popular with Hollywood stars in the 1940s and was a popular dining and event venue, competing with downtown hotels for business.</p><br>
<p>The Carpenter House, also known as the Gardiner  Carpenter House and the Red House, is a Georgian style house in Norwichtown area of Norwich, Connecticut. A house was previously on the site, but it was removed by Gardner Carpenter to construct the house in 1793. The three-story Flemish bond Georgian house&#39;s front facade consists of five bays with a gabled porch over the main entrance and supported by round columns. The gambrel roof and third story addition were added around 1816 by Joseph Huntington. In 1958, a modern one-story rear wing was added to the back of the house. The interior of the house is a center hall plan with 10 ft high ceilings and has been renovated, but retains much of its original molding, paneling and wrought iron hardware. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970 and added to the Norwichtown Historic District in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Historical records for Gardner Carpenters life are sparse in detail, but the Vital records of Norwich, 1659-1848 Part II provide some information. Gardner Carpenter married Mary Huntington, daughter of Benjamin Huntington Jr., on October 29, 1791. Gardner and Mary Carpenter would have six children together; their first son, George, was born in 1795 and their first and only daughter, Mary Elizabeth, in 1797. Another son, Gardner Carpenter, was born in 1802 and was followed by Henry in 1804, John in 1807 and Charles in 1810. Gardiner Carpenter served as a pay master in the 17th Connecticut Regiment in the American Revolutionary War and he was the postmaster of Norwich from 1799 to 1814, shortly before his death in 1815. His wife, Mary Carpenter, died in 1838. The house was sold to Joseph Huntington after Carpenters death, who would add a third story around 1816. The house was sold again to Reverend Hiram P. Arms in 1841.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Georgian house is built on the north end of the Norwichtown green and faces East Town Street. The walls of the three-story house are made of brick laid in Flemish bond and painted a cranberry red. The front facade consist of five bays with a gabled porch over the main entrance and supported by round columns. The doorway is not original, but has a transom of six lights on top. The windows of the house are double hung six-over-six sash with the windows on the first floor have flat splayed lintels mimicking the gabled porch. The third story is also the attack and has an oversized gambrel roof that over hangs the two stories, the roof was covered with asphalt shingles at the time of its nomination in 1970. This addition of the third story was done about 1816 when the house was owned by Joseph Huntington. A modern one-story rear wing is at the back of the house, the last addition dating to 1958. Four chimneys arise from the roof of the house, with two interior chimneys and a rear chimney on the main house with a smaller fourth chimney on the one-story rear addition. The interior of the house is a typical center hall plan which retains much of its original moldings, paneling and wrought iron hardware. The 1958 addition added a 16 ft by 26 ft family room.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the house comprises 3,200 ft&sup2; and was renovated sometime after its addition to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. Circa 1980, the home was purchased by the Chassanoff family and underwent a historical restoration. The Chassanoffs restoration included removing the wallpaper, applying historic paint colors and stripping and refinishing the original floors wooden planks.</p><br>
<h2>Importance</h2><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 6, 1970. It was made a part of the Norwichtown Historic District on January 17, 1973, but was unaccredited as a separately listed property at the time. On the district nomination the house is spelled alternatively as the "Gardner House". Luyster writes, "This is a good example of Georgian housing of the colonial period. Its value is increased because of the historical and architectural value of the buildings which surround it since it is located next to the Norwich town green which is the focal point of the historic district in that area." In 2002, the house was available for purchase and remains a private residence as of 2014.</p><br>
